design that includes a control group to rule out a history effect? In this scenario, the independent variable is the representative. He asks you where you came up with that name but you don't know. A. 2 & -3 & -4 There are many ways to determine that an assessment is valid; validity in research refers to how accurate a test is, or, put another way, how well it fulfills the function for which it's being used. D) construct validity. By making multiple variables constant (except activity), Catherine is trying to establish avoid subjective judgments when measuring something? B) linear generalD. Identify the true statement about laboratory experiments. A.positive linearB. A) reliable 1 It is vital for a test to be valid in order for the results to be accurately applied and interpreted. &F=\left[\begin{array}{rrr} 15) Which statement best describes a negatively skewed score distribution? This type of division of people based on actual differences rather than through random assignment is called a(n) ________ design. He finds that team size is not associated with any particular change in performance. He wants to develop a treatment plan according to the average outcomes of the frequency and the intensity of mood swings. The study aims to validate the Chinese version of Personal Accountability Measure (PAM-Ch), which is used to assess the subjective aspect of teacher accountability, by surveying 1146 teachers enrolled in professional development courses offered by a public university in Beijing. 132. different purpose? During the early and middle parts of the 20 th century, test validity came to be understood in terms of a test's ability to predict a practical criterion (Cureton 1950; Kane 2001).This focus on criterion prediction may have been a function of three forces: advances in substantive knowledge and precision of thought in the field . A) negative linear He does this to devise an accurate method for studying self-esteem. D) independent, Personal attributes such as gender, nationality, and age are called ________ variables. she gathers groups of citizens and asks them to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed airport. D) External. except _____: c. Minnesota A standardized psychological assessment of an individual's predominant personality traits and characteristics. 61. d. Inter-scorer reliability ________. in this case, reliability is indicated by: the observational method that provides an in depth description of a individual is a called______, a research approach in which the research does not actually collect data but analyzes already existing data is called _____. He asks individuals to describe the frequency and intensity of their mood swings and rate them on a scale of 1 to 10. \begin{array}{} You intend to assess affective attributes such as capacity to feel, attitudes, and behavior. According to the text, most of the characteristics and attributes Which of the following is not a type of nonrandom of nonrandom sampling. He does so to devise an accurate method of studying self-esteem. a. What does this scenario demonstrate? When random assignment to groups is not possible and the The following problematic question appears on a survey: "Please indicate whether the following statement is true or false for you: My cell phone is new and has all the latest features". A) negative linear relationship. 5 & 3 \\ a. ordinal, nominal, ratio, interval of the dependent variable before subjects are exposed to the independent c. stratification variable* A measure cannot be valid unless it is reliable. however, f the conclusions are based upon statistical analysis of the data______ approach. b. are variables that are hypothesized to produce changes in Found inside Page 80Items were analyzed for construct validity and reliability . The best construct is the one around which we can build the greatest number of inferences, in the most direct fashion. b. you want to make comparisons among subgroups learning experience. In this context, Jim is trying to _____ the variable "mood swing.". C) situational It refers to the accuracy of conclusions about cause and effect. However, she has to deal with other influencing factors such as noise, crowd, and space distribution. Zero polluting bike! D. The slower-moving vessel should give way. A study used a multiple choice exam with point ranges from 0-10 to measure subject knowledge of diabetic care. C.it is free from biases associated with human raters. To measure the construct validity of the anxiety test, scores on individual items will be correlated with the overall score. Which of the following should you establish to ascertain the instrument's validity? 21. c. the independent variable occurs later in time than does the with another group of research participants who did not receive the a. to become aging, learning, boredom, hunger, and fatigue. being investigated is not due to an extraneous variable, c. evidence that changes in variable A occur before changes measurement. Which of the following terms and outcomes are incorrectly matched? Which of the following would most clearly be an illustration of predictive What type of validity refers to the extent to which the results of a related, b. evidence that the relationship between the variables called a ___________. Conceptually, is the mean of all possible split-half correlations for a set of items. C. It refers to one's ability to draw conclusions about causal relationships. A) Experimental methods involve the manipulation and control of variables, whereas nonexperimental methods involve observation of relationships between nonmanipulated variables. It refers to the adequacy of the operational definition of variables. D. C. It refers to concerns whether the findings of a study can be generalized to other settings. This E-mail is already registered with us. B.equivalence. D) curvilinear, A researcher finds that the more a song is played on the radio, the greater the public liking for the song. ________ validity is the extent to which a study's findings can accurately be generalized to other populations and settings. experimental methods require simple observation of the variables, whereas non-experimental methods require simple observation of the variable. If you can correctly hypothesize that ESOL students will perform differently on a reading test than English-speaking students (because of theory), the assessment may have construct validity. D Determine whether the given statement is a tautology, contradiction, or contingency. Which type of reliability is this researcher trying to establish? Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. Which of the following statements is true of the operational definitions of variables? b. a measure It refers to one's ability to draw conclusions about causal relationships. $$. Control variables only occur in the control group. Tracy wants to study different behavioral patterns displayed by the members of her organization through naturalistic participant observation. Research methodology is the specific procedures or techniques used to identify, select, process, and analyze information about a topic. The government changes the rules for deductions so corporations pay more corporate tax. A) neutral It refers to the adequacy of the operational definition of variables. Found inside Page 26 significant action in the past year *Client instructions: Select the statement that best describes you in relation to your physical activity. C) A negative relationship is represented by an increasing-trend line on a graph; whereas a curvilinear relationship is represented with a straight line on a graph. The second, on the bottom, is the land of observations. C) A variable must have an operational definition to be studied empirically. D) nonlinear, Participant variables are also called ________ variables. It helps researchers to communicate their ideas with others. allows the researcher to, a. understand the Construct validity is the degree to which your research measures the construct (as compared to things outside the construct). C) A U-shaped curve results when this relationship is graphed. A) It serves as an example of valuable research with very low external validity and only moderate internal validity. Minimize $g=2 y_1+3 y_2+5 y_3$ subject to D) covariation between variables. B) confounded 2 & 1 & 1 \\ This phenomenon is best known as a(n) ________ relationship. A) Construct 5 & 1 & 0 In a negative relationship, an increase in one variable causes only a decrease in the other; whereas in a curvilinear relationship, variables can have both an increase and a decrease in values. \text{Bond}& this is an example of ______ relationship between price and number of hamburgers sold.. an HR executive of a company studies the effect of the site of project terms on the teams' performance. D) correlation, ________ validity refers to the accuracy of conclusions drawn about cause and effect. C) Experimental methods have random variables, whereas nonexperimental methods have manipulated variables. C) Independent variables fail to influence the outcome of an experiment. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a general-purpose, developmental, modeling language in the field of software engineering that is intended to provide a standard way to visualize the design of a system.. O Validity and reliability are opposites so as one increases the other decreases. Internal validity deals with the accuracy of conclusions drawn about cause and effect, whereas external validity deals with the generalization of findings of a study to other settings. They have a high degree of control and may create an artificial atmosphere. B) dependent It is what goes on inside our heads as researchers. "science" as a source of knowledge? 2 questions in one poor construct validity (might be responding to 1 part) asking a question 2 ways, researchers can study items' internal consistency (cronbach's alpha) observational research is a way to operationalize a conceptual variable construct validity of observers can be threatened by 3 problems: bias, effects, and reactivity 6. A) It is difficult to establish operational definitions. A _____ is any event, situation, behavior, or individual characteristic that changes. A) class size. Explana. B) In a negative relationship, an increase in one variable causes only a decrease in the other; whereas in a curvilinear relationship, variables can have both an increase and a decrease in values. which of the following statements best describes construct validity?getting married in tanzania June 30, 2022 0 Comments how to set up a delaware statutory trust by "When we think about validity in research, most of us think about research components. b. Control variables help establish external validity. Which of the following statements best describes a child in Jean Piaget's preoperational thinking stage? For example, if a researcher conceptually defines test anxiety as involving both sympathetic nervous system activation (leading to nervous feelings) and negative . sampling? indicates participants scores on a future test, such as when the PSAT being b. are there ways to Multiphasic Personality Inventory(MMPI)*. $$. B) legal If we took the 500 people attending a school in New York 92. c. constant* To infer causality, all of the following must be present except: b. one variable must occur prior in time to the other variable. in predicting future drug use. B. item bias. A draft copy of the instrument is sent to 20 nurse clinicians to critique and provide feedback. It enables scientists to discuss concrete concepts in abstract terms. D) internal, In the context of relationships between variables, increases in the values of one variable are accompanied by increases in the values of the second variable in a ________ relationship. Which of the following best describes validity? a.A reflection of the teacher's values and beliefs about children b.A focus or direction for what the children will accomplish during the school year c.A specific and short-term intended outcome . Which of the following is true of a positive linear relationship? 33. a. evidence that the independent and dependent variables are The more homogeneous a population is on When we say that the research interview is a C. It refers to concerns whether the findings of a study can be generalized to other settings. D) central, In the context of the study of relationships between variables, the ________ method involves direct manipulation and control of one variable while the other is measured. appears to accurately assess the intended variable. A) randomization C) The researcher loses the ability to directly control many aspects of the situation. C) nonlinear familiar with prior research on the phenomenon of interest. ", In an experiment, one group of participants ate ice cream that was packaged in a red carton and another group of participants ate ice cream of the same flavor packaged in a green carton. Why face validity matters. Evidence of the reliability and validity of the PSDQ has been investigated by Marsh and collea- Content reliability b. known to the research group, is not revealed to anyone other than the Psychologist Angela Lee Duckworth describes grit as which of the following? B) Independent variables are manipulated in a natural setting. the degree to which you can be confident in the statistical significance of your finding QUESTION 10 You watch a movie with a character named Clyde. For example, there are 252 ways to split a set of 10 items into two sets of five. a researcher investigated the relationship between lengths of test and grades in western civilization course. If a measurement method does not have acceptable reliability (e.g., dependability, consistency, and accuracy), validity is a moot issue. B) It is relatively easy to operationalize a variable such as pain, which is very specific and concrete. A study has high ________ validity when strong inferences can be made that one variable caused changes in the other variable. He forms two groups of participants for his study. Participants drank either one ounce or three ounces of alcohol. 84. B) nonlinear D) a curvilinear relationship, Dr. Sears, a psychologist, observes that the more time individuals spend in a department store, the more purchases they tend to make. The first thing we have to ask is: "validity of what? A) There are no benefits associated with the operational definition of variables. 0 & 0 & 0 \\ C) Linear In this scenario, the independent variable is the, One limitation of laboratory experiments is that they have. The _____ definition of a variable is the set of procedures used to measure or manipulate it. An individual who is relatively low on the introversion variable is more likely to be _____. Which of the following is a key characteristic of field experiments? In this scenario, the supervisor's presence is acting as a ________variable. A high correlation will be evidence that the test has construct validity. It is easier to operationalize a variable such as pain which is very specific and concrete. Construct a truth table for (p q) ( p q) Use the truth table that you constructed in part 1 to determine the truth value of (p q) ( p q), given that p is true and q is false. In this scenario, there is a ________ relationship between alcohol exposure during childhood and alcoholism. A) using a control group as a standard to measure against. Which of the following statements best describes construct validity? 22. B) They have a high degree of control and may create an artificial atmosphere. It refers to one's ability to draw conclusions about causal relationships. B) an ex post facto design. of research study generally ______. c. it is a method of obtaining objective knowledge about the world d) All of the above are true of propensity score analysis. A) mediating \begin{aligned} D) It is difficult to create an independent variable to study dependent variables in these experiments. D) A negative relationship has more than one extraneous variable associated with it, whereas a curvilinear relationship has only one associated extraneous variable. A psychologist develops a measure of self-esteem to study the difference between participants who score low and those who score high on this variable. In research, something that does not "vary" is Which step of the scientific method is described in this example? D) curvilinear, A researcher wants to study the relationship between stress and an employee's ability to perform at work. Institutional Rating Board A deductive argument is said to be valid if and only if it takes a form that makes it impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion nevertheless to be false. A variable must have an operational definition to be studied empirically. In order to evaluate a theory, many things are taken d. control group, 21. c .it may miss people who are isolated from a. Which of the following is not a form of nonrandom a. rationalism a. basic research population from which they are drown. A) The relationship is sometimes referred to as a monotonic function. In this scenario, the dependent variable in the experiment is the Alpha coefficients of .84 (Malik, Read each statement and decide to what extent it describes you. D) the nonexperimental, A ________ is anything that changes and can be measured. P Q P & Q. The research method used in this study is ________ method. Internal, 2. An independent variable is considered to be the cause, whereas a dependent variable is considered to be the effect. Which of the following BEST defines quantitative research? b. a rank-order scale of measurement* variable.*. which of the following statements best describes construct validity? O priming the fundamental attribution error O cognitive dissonance O the Stroop Effect. 8. It enables to generalize the findings of a study to other settings.D. A psychologist develops a measure of self-esteem in order to study the variable of self-esteem. moduleC. Which is the process of gathering evidence supporting inferences based test (SLWK 609) Course, 1. sampling of the females, the variable on which we would divide the population researcher and his or her staff. C) using careful operational definitions. A case study usually entails A.computer-based responses. The key value of construct validity is that the construct in question best explains the findings of research related to definitions are those: a. that have readily identifiable d. the deliberate striking of a spouse with the intent of doing bodily Which of the following are ways of avoiding the ethical threats to internal validity? when the conclusions of research are based on the interpretations of the investigator, _____ research has been employed. B) an operational C) technical In the context of relationships between variables, what type of relationship exists between the size of project teams and their performance? 1 & 0 & 4 \\ C) extraneous Measures the consistency of. _____ validity concerns whether the methods of studying, Multiple Choice Questions (See the Example discussed before.) Perhaps the most common measure of internal consistency used by researchers in psychology is a statistic called Cronbach's (the Greek letter alpha). C) curvilinear Use the concept of opportunity cost to explain the following b. C) variable the same findings. a confounded a curvilinear 0 / 1 pts Question 26 Which of the following statements best describes construct validity? b. to identify Found inside Page 41Respondents answered yes , too soon to tell , no , or don't know ; Which one of the following statements best describes the return on investment ( ROI ) for the new product to date ( circle only one ) ? D) operational, Roger, a researcher, conducted a study to analyze the impact of alcohol exposure during childhood. The first, on the top, is the land of theory. D) curvilinear relationship, The management at Burgerjoy, a small restaurant, finds that the lower the price of hamburgers, the more the hamburgers sold. A) negative linear When the relationship between an independent and a dependent variable is plotted in a graph, the ________ variable is always placed on the vertical axis. The motorboat should slow down and let the PWC pass because the PWC is smaller. This connects to which of the following terms? this type of data gathering can be the referred to as a(n) _____ approach. \begin{array}{}\text{Number}\\\text{Purchased}\end{array}& The nurse researcher administered a questionnaire to a group of subjects six weeks ago.
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