1028, 1049 (S.D.N.Y.1990); Republic of France v. Moghadam, 617 F.Supp. The witnesses all identify Respondent as the perpetrator in these regards. 28). BATTAGLIA, District Judge. The two cars stopped in the village of San Mateo Atenco. (2) Gustavo Miranda Santacruz. Quines eran los narcojuniors reales de Tijuana? He referred to Ibarras murder and seven other major assassinations in the past 15 months that remain unsolved. 3184, et seq. The statements attributed to Respondent Valdez from the wiretape surveillance,[35] result in a finding that Alejandro's March 3, 1997 declaration and personal notes were contrived and are unreliable. 956 (1922). 25. [12] Statement of Gerardo Cruz Pacheco to an agent of the Federal Prosecutor on October 12, 1996. Specifically, Respondent asserts that evidence included in the second extradition packet should not be received or considered by the Court. Por Investigaciones ZETA. 2D1.1 and reduced by two levels the offense level applicable to many drug trafficking offenses. Soto extensively describes other, numerous criminal activities of the AFO. [18] In the original request, Mexico sought extradition on the firearm offense related to events and circumstances alleged to have occurred on April 13, 1994. Fue en una fiesta que conocieron a Emilio Valdez Mainero, hijo de un coronel que fue miebro de los guardias presidenciales. In the instant case, Mexico has submitted, inter alia, sworn declarations of percipient witnesses and accomplices to the crimes alleged against Valdez. Hearsay evidence is admissible on behalf of the Respondent to establish the "obliteration" of probable cause. They also indicated that their boss, Ramon Arellano Felix, would be pleased with the last job they had carried out. After receipt of the diplomatic note, Respondent was then held under the formal request for extradition and not the provisional arrest which had initiated the case. He declared that, in May, 1992, Ramon Arellano-Felix and Valdez killed rival drug traffickers, the Olmos brothers, and that Valdez told him and other members of the AFO that Valdez would pay $150,000 to them if they took the blame for the Olmos murders. Furthermore, the sworn witness statements in the instant case are the type of evidence contemplated by the Treaty to avoid the need for the requesting country to send its witnesses to the requested country to testify at the extradition hearing. There is no evidence to suggest that the United States no longer honors the treaty or that its purpose and intent are no longer served. Some federal and local officials said the mens statements are not credible because they are clear attempts to land a sweetheart deal. 1462, 1464 (S.D.Tex.1992). Respondent's request for discovery is denied. In Shapiro v. Ferrandina,355 F. Supp. *291 Michael Pancer, Law Office of Michael Pancer, San Diego, CA, for Emilio Valdez Mainero. United States v. Wiebe, 733 F.2d 549, 554 (8th Cir.1984); Bozilov v. Seifert, 983 F.2d 140 (9th Cir.1992). The statements of three admitted members of the organization are contained in extradition papers for Emilio Valdez Mainero, an alleged Arellano henchman arrested in the United States. November 4, 1997. [16] Further, it is not the responsibility of this Court to assess the probability that the requesting party will be able to secure a conviction. The Court denied the motion.[3]. Id. 00:15. Arnbjornsdottir-Mendler v. United States, 721 F.2d 679, 683 (9th Cir. 896 (S.D.Cal.1993). En una de las fiestas conocieron a Emilio Valdez Mainero, quien era hijo de un coronel que fue miembro de los guardias presidenciales, cuando existan. [40] U.S.-MEXICO DRUG WAR: Two Systems Collide, New York Times, July 22, 1997. Entre los narcojuniors reales de Tijuana tambin estaba Alfredo Hodoyan Palacios, hijo de un empresario prominente en la ciudad . As indicated previously, the extradition hearing is not a trial, nor a criminal proceeding providing respondent with rights available in a criminal trial at common law. But the deal fell apart when the other inmate couldn't pay the promised . After the statements of September 27, 1996, a medical doctor examined Soto and found no traces of any recent physical wounds. 3190 having been properly and legally certified and authenticated by Bruce A. Beardsley, principal counsular officer of the U.S. in Mexico. The precedent of the long line of cases discussed above, supports the proposition that the consideration of a "humanitarian exception" should be left to the Department of State where it rightly belongs. [8] Additional written argument was entertained from counsel and submissions in this regard were completed on October 14, 1997. Fabin Martnez remplaz en el cargo a Emilio Valdez Mainero, El CP, y adems compadre de Ramn Arellano Flix, luego que aqul fue arrestado en 1996 en San Diego, California, y condenado a 30 aos de prisin por delitos relacionados con trfico de cocana y herona hacia Estados Unidos. You can explore additional available newsletters here. Therefore, the Court will certify the above and all documents admitted into evidence to the Secretary of State. [30] These statements challenge the "motive" for the Gallardo murder as stated by Cruz and Miranda. Soto acknowledges having signed the statement as well as affixing his fingerprints. On September 30, 1996, the United States Attorney's Office for the Southern District of *292 California, acting on behalf of the Republic of Mexico, presented to the Honorable Anthony Battaglia, United States Magistrate Judge, a complaint and a formal extradition request for Emilio Valdez Mainero (hereinafter "Valdez" or "Extraditee"). January 1997: Hodin Gutierrez Rico, a . The power to make treaties is constitutionally invested in the executive branch of the United States government. Nobody threatens my brother because the moron who does it, dies.". Mexico also takes the position that the statement is inaccurate and not properly certified or executed. The holding in Gallina, however, offers no support for Valdez' claim. En 1995, su reinado lleg a su fin. narcoseries Netflix. Chapo Guzman gave marijuana to Gallardo so that he could move it into the United States, but afterwards, Chapo Guzman sent the Federal Police after him. Actually, this declaration is not signed by Alejandro, nor was it written by Alejandro. The various activities included a number of incidents of transportation of illegal drugs and homicide. At the time, Emilio Valdez Mainero, a member of the Arellano Flix cartel, said in a bugged conversation with a inmate-turned-informant that he wanted to kill Curiel. October 21, 1996. At approximately 9:00 p.m., the two cars arrived at the Holiday Inn, Toluca, Valdez and Martinez got out of the car. ", "El 5 Segundos", Ricardo Gonzalez Leon, Ricardo Emilio Valdez Mainero and Emilio Ricardo Valdez. [11] More fully identified as the "Criminal Code in local matters and for all the Republic in federal matters.". The court denied the writ. BATTAGLIA, United States Magistrate Judge. [32] Respondent also argues that the statements of Francisco Cabrera Castro and Edgar Alejandro Gonzalez Gonzalez offered by Mexico were also "extracted" by torture. Esta clula del crtel de Tijuana volvi a la luz por la nueva temporada de la serie de Netflix En esta temporada podemos ver lo que pasa despus de la cada de Miguel ngel Flix Gallardo, interpretado por Diego Luna. Publicado: 5/6/2021 7:10:25 PM. [10] The firearms charge initially asserted by Mexico and related to the events on or about April 13, 1994 appears to have been abandoned. Seeing no one in pursuit, Cruz followed the white Volkswagen in the navy blue Cutlass. There is no prohibition against hearsay in the extradition context because the Federal Rules of Evidence, which proscribe hearsay, do not apply to extradition. The two perpetrators escaped in a white Volkswagen. In Quinn v. Robinson, 783 F.2d 776, 815 (9th Cir.1986), the Ninth Circuit reaffirmed that hearsay evidence that would be inadmissible for other purposes is admissible in extradition hearings. Oen Yin-Choy v. Robinson, 858 F.2d 1400, 1407 (9th Cir.1988). 534 (1902). Specifically, the Court ordered the United States to file copies of videotapes of Alejandro Hodoyan's deposition; evidence including Respondent's statements regarding the circumstances surrounding the 1997 abduction of Alejandro Hodoyan and the genesis of the March 3, 1997 declaration by Alejandro Hodoyan;[5] and, all statements, recordings, transcriptions and memoranda of interviews by the assistant U.S. Attorney and federal agents of Alejandro Hodoyan. The right of confrontation,[46] specifically, has been held inapplicable, as have the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, and the Federal Rules of Evidence. Curreri v. Vice, 77 F.2d 130, 132 (9th Cir.1935); Eain v. Wilkes, 641 F.2d 504, 510 (7th Cir.1981), cert. [3] See Memorandum Decision Denying Bail Pending Extradition Proceedings filed 10/21/96 (Docket No. [42] See RESPONSE TO REQUEST FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION IN SUPPORT OF EXTRADITION (Docket No. Emilio Valdez Mainero and Alfredo Hodoyan were linked to the Arellano Felix drug organization, which controls the lucrative drug corridor from Baja California into the United States. EMILIO VALDEZ MAINERO (hereinafter "Valdez" or "Respondent") [1] is accused by Mexico of having been involved with or committing various crimes in violation of . This finding could be based upon the testimony of Miranda and Alejandro, alone. As to Soto, his three statements to the Mexican authorities, two on September 27, 1996 and one on September 30, 1996, respectively, do not reference any injury. denied, 405 U.S. 989, 92 S. Ct. 1251, 31 L. Ed. [6] See ORDER DENYING RESPONDENT'S MOTION TO REOPEN EVIDENCE AND DIRECTING THE UNITED STATES TO FILE ADDITIONAL EVIDENCE filed September 11, 1997 (Docket No. In the absence of legal authority to support the court's ability to find the treaty invalid for changed circumstances or that the purpose and intent of the parties in this instance is materially different, Respondent's position in this regard is rejected. 2d 455 (1972). The interests of Mexico were represented by the United States through the United States Department of Justice, by United States Attorney Alan D. Bersin and Assistant United States Attorney Gonzalo P. Curiel. When the two cars arrived at the Holiday Inn in Toluca, Valdez got out of the white Volkswagen and told Contreras, "Be, cautious, wait for me here and when you see us going out from the parking lot in the white Volkswagen, you should form a `wall' so that we cannot be followed.". The court, for reasons explained below, grants the petition, finding the detainee extraditable. In re Petition of France for Extradition of Sauvage,819 F. Supp. 30), he requests discovery regarding the statement by Miranda. 44). During the drive, Contreras told Cruz that, "his friends in the white Volkswagen wanted to say hello to a fellow citizen who was in Toluca to train for boxing." Respondent's role is alleged to have included, among other things, the planning and carrying out of assassinations of people perceived to be enemies of the AFO, including rival drug traffickers and law enforcement officials. 577 (1901). When they reached Toluca, Valdez and Martinez stopped to make several telephone calls, at approximately 9:00 p.m. D. Gilberto Vasquez Culebro, aka "Cachuchas" On September 30, 1996, Gilberto Vasquez Culebro (hereinafter "Vasquez") gave a statement to Jose Luis Juarez Garcia, an agent of the Mexican federal public prosecutor in Mexico City, Mexico. 777(N.D.Cal.1985). The United States, in fact, complied with Article 11, Paragraph 3, by its initial filing of diplomatic note 001831, on November 25, 1996 with the U.S. Embassy in Mexico. The respondent offers a handwritten declaration of Alejandro, dated March 3, 1997, to document his being detained, interrogated and tortured. Based on case authorities Respondent's Motion in this regard is denied. Cruz describes his mistreatment and torture at the hands of the Mexican authorities. In Matter of Extradition of Pazienza,619 F. Supp. [28] See, IN THE MATTER OF THE EXTRADITION OF ALFREDO HODOYAN PALACIOS, U.S.D.C. Ultimately, the Court concludes that there is no reliable evidence of torture or duress of the witnesses. de Sicor 1 Acdo. 830 (1911). Mar. Respondent also argues that Alejandro was abducted in the Spring of 1997 by representatives of Mexico which corroborates Mexico's alleged use of inappropriate force and means to secure evidence in this case. Get free summaries of new Southern District of California US Federal District Court opinions delivered to your inbox! Soto also explains the details of the alleged abuse visited upon him. Respondent also cites Title 18 U.S.C. In the Matter of Extradition of Contreras,800 F. Supp. El cantante interpreta a Arturo "Kitty" Paez, un sanguinario pero muy snob criminal . An analysis of whether this Court should enact a humanitarian exception into foreign extradition begins with a recognition of the rule of non-inquiry. United States v. Taitz, 130 F.R.D. In the statement to the judge, with the assistance of counsel, Cruz was asked by the Court if he desired to make a statement concerning the facts that are attributed to him in the subject statement. 23. QUIERE LIBERTAD, DEBE VIDAS. Soto contends that he was arrested on September 12, 1996 and held in custody for some weeks. The authority of a magistrate judge to conduct the proceedings is provided by 18 U.S.C. California. at 952. EMILIO VALDEZ MAINERO was represented by retained counsel Michael Pancer. As noted previously, Respondent also offers the expert opinion of Rodolfo Gastelum Perez which has been excluded under the analysis previously set forth.[31]. [23] Cruz made several statements relative to this matter. Citations Copy Citation. This assertion relates specifically to the supplemental filing of evidence regarding the first degree murder charge on January 14, 1997 and the weapons charge related to the events and circumstances of April 9, 1996. Respondent's objections to this evidence and his explanatory evidence have already been addressed, and rejected. These three were carrying short range firearms in a white Volkswagen. Emilio Valdez Mainero (Valdez) and Alfredo Hodoyan Palacios (Hodoyan) were certified as extraditable to Mexico on charges of murder and criminal association with the Arellano Felix drug trafficking organization (AFO). The extradition request and supporting documents are admitted into evidence during the hearing and the post hearing submissions are properly authenticated or otherwise admissible within the discretion of the Court. Threats at the time were taken seriously, especially given the high profile murders of Tijuana's police chief in February 2000, followed shortly by the murder of Jose Patio . 1462, 1469 (S.D.Tex.1992). Those issues will ultimately be resolved by the trial court, along with the sufficiency of the evidence regarding guilt. [37] These statements were taken in open Court, at the time that Cruz and Soto were arraigned on charges filed against them by the Republic of Mexico and based upon the statements given to the public prosecutor. Tambin se encontraban en este grupo Emilio Valdez Mainero, hijo de un guardia presidencial, Alfredo Hodoyan Palacios, Eduardo Len, los hermanos Endir y Henain Meza Castaos, Gustavo Miranda Santa Cruz y Fabin Martnez. [38] Specifically, Cruz was charged with homicide and Soto was charged with possession of various *1224 weapons, and a narcotics related offense (possession of marijuana). Peter Lupsha, an expert on drug trafficking and former professor at University of New Mexico, said this case suggests that a corrupt Mexican government thwarted previous drug investigations. It was not until October 2, 1996 that Soto described the alleged torture to the judge in Mexico. You're all set! 956 (1922), In re Locatelli,468 F. Supp. Informacin de El Universal. Respondent asserts that Soto lost an eye as a result of the torture used by Mexico to extract his statement[39]. 563, 572 *1219 (S.D.N.Y. Everardo Pez, also known as "El Kitty", was not a person of money, but under the tutelage of Ramn Arellano Flix, he dedicated himself, together with the narco juniors, to cross drugs into the United States without raising suspicions due to his economic status. [36] A recantation of Francisco Cabrera Castro is also filed and argued to support Respondent's position. On September 30, 1996, the United States Attorney's Office for the Southern District of California, acting on behalf of the Republic of Mexico, presented to the Honorable Anthony Battaglia, United States Magistrate Judge, a complaint and a formal extradition request for Emilio Valdez Mainero (hereinafter "Valdez" or "Extraditee"). Background. Concerning the murder and firearms charge, it is alleged that on April 9, 1996, at approximately 9:30 p.m., in the restaurant at the Holiday Inn in Toluca, Mexico, Jesus Gallardo Vigil, aka "El Bebe", (hereinafter "Gallardo"), and Jesus Sanchez Angulo (hereinafter "Sanchez") were shot and killed by Respondent and Fabian Martinez Gonzalez, aka "Tiburon", (hereinafter "Martinez"). The law limits extradition to circumstances where the Treaty is in full force and effect. The Court finds that the videotapes do show a cooperating witness. The witnesses go on to attribute a number of other incidents based upon their personal knowledge occurring since 1994 which are competent for a finding of probable cause on this charge as well. 20, 2013) From Casetext: Smarter Legal Research. 30). Specifically, Respondent sought "all witness statements submitted in General Gutierrez Rebollo's case to determine whether or not there is additional relevant testimony." Specifically, Respondent submits that the Treaty is invalid because the use of torture in Mexico in obtaining evidence, including the evidence in this matter, is contrary to the law of the United States. Tambin as reclutaron a Alfredo Hodoyan Palacios, hijo de un empresario de Tijuana, quien comenz a pasar droga sin levantar sospechas pues era . No applicable authority was presented on this point and prevailing authority as set forth herein supports this ruling. 3190. These offenses are extraditable offenses under the extradition treaty between Mexico and the United States. [21] The real issue in this proceeding is whether or not there is probable cause to establish that Respondent was one of the perpetrators. En una de esas fiestas fue que conocieron a Emilio Valdez Mainero, quien era hijo de un coronel que fue miembro de los guardias presidenciales, cuando an existan. Respondent's discovery request in this regard is denied. The physical description of Emilio Valdez Mainero, "El C.P." or "Cabeza de Perro," is the following: 30 years old, 1.77 or 1.76 meters, heavy build, white skin, short straight hair which . En septiembre de 2002, el Juzgado Cuarto de Procesos Penales Federales en el Estado de Mxico (antes Juzgado Primero de Distrito . The admissibility of Miranda's statement, as taken by Assistant United States Attorney Curiel, was previously discussed. On June 26, 1997, respondent filed a SUPPLEMENTAL SUBMISSION RE: EXTRADITION AND REQUEST FOR DISCOVERY[34], with an attached declaration of Augustin Hodoyan (Alejandro's brother) with Alejandro's personal notes which were used to create the March 3, 1997 declaration. 3184, Ward v. Rutherford, 921 F.2d 286, 289 (D.C.Cir.1990) and Rule 74 of the Local Civil Rules of the United States District Court of the Southern District of California. (5) The facts and the personal information of the person sought which will permit his identification and, where possible, information concerning his location; (6) A certified copy of the warrant of arrest issued by the judge or judicial officer [in Mexico]; and. Respondent was identified in statements of alleged co-conspirators Fausto Soto Miller, aka "Joel Fierro," "El Chef" or "El Cocinero" (hereinafter "Soto");[22] Cruz; Gilberto Vasquez Culebro, aka "El Gorras" or "El Cachuchas" (hereinafter "Vasquez"); as well as witnesses, Alejandro Enrique Hodoyan Palacios, (hereinafter "Alejandro"); and, Gustavo Miranda Santacruz, (hereinafter "Miranda") with involvement in a host of criminal activities on behalf of the Arellano Felix organization and in particular with the shooting of Gallardo and Sanchez. This is defined as an individual who is a member of a group or gang of three or more persons whose purpose is to carry out criminal activity (Article 164). Jhirad v. Ferrandina, 536 F.2d 478 (2d Cir.1976). 568 (S.D.N.Y.1979). Alejandro's statements are based upon his personal knowledge due to his admitted involvement in the AFO and their activities. In the final analysis, this Court is required to look at the indicia of reliability with regard to the persuasiveness of this evidence. 5.1 is without authority and is unavailable in any event under prevailing authority. [33] As such, it is argued that the statements were not credible, nor should they support extradition in this case. Los narcojuniors estudiaban en colegios particulares y pertenecan a familias acomodadas. Recanting statements are relevant as they affect probable cause, but a showing that the prior statement is coerced and that indicia of reliability is on a subsequent recantation is the appropriate point of analysis on this issue. Challenges to the testimony of Cruz, Soto, Vasquez, Miranda and Alejandro based upon the argument that they are conclusory, unreliable hearsay, and unreliable as presented by alleged codefendants or co-conspirators are rejected. Bingham v. Bradley,241 U.S. 511, 517, 36 S. Ct. 634, 60 L. Ed. While obviously nervous as he recounts the AFO's activities, there are no signs of physical abuse or manifestations consistent with psychological pressure or duress. Finally, Valdez offers that Cruz, Soto, Alejandro and Vasquez[32] were subjected to torture, *1222 and were under duress at the time of the "alleged" statements. 1 Since there is no right of appeal from extradition orders, Valdez and Hodoyan filed petitions for writs of habeas corpus in . 1462, 1469 (S.D.Tex.1992). Demandado: Emilio Ricardo Valdez Mainero. Magistrate No. At the time of the June 30, 1997 hearing, a typed translation of Alejandro's personal notes was offered. In the supplemental request for extradition filed in January, 1997, the facts supporting the firearms offense were related to the first degree murder of Mr. Gallardo and Mr. Sanchez alleged to have occurred on or about April 9, 1996. That conclusion is based on the following analysis. Specifically, the tape of the interview with Miranda, all notes and interview sheets, and documentation concerning Assistant United States Attorney Curiel's agency on behalf of Mexico. They are: (1) Ministerial Statement of September 27, 1996, at 1140 a.m. to Maria Isabel Gonzalez Chavez, an agent of the federal prosecutor, in Guadalajara, Mexico; (2) Additional Ministerial Statement of September 27, 1996, at 6:30 p.m. to Maria Isabel Gonzalez Chavez, an agent of the federal prosecutor, in Guadalajara, Mexico; (3) Additional Statement of September 30, 1996, at 9:00 p.m. to Maria Isabel Gonzalez Chavez, an agent of the federal prosecutor in Mexico City, Mexico; and. [2] The warrant was issued on a Complaint charging Respondent with carrying a firearm exclusively reserved for the military in violation of Articles 160 and 162, paragraph 3, Criminal Code for the Federal District. Mexico takes issue with the March 3, 1997 declaration, noting that it was not signed by the declarant, nor is part of an official proceeding or under penalty of perjury. Court documents say the threat against assistant U.S. Atty. The Republic of Mexico seeks to extradite Valdez to answer the following charges: (1) Carrying a firearm exclusive to the Army, Navy and Air Force on or about April 9, 1996 in violation of Article 83, Section II, in accordance with Article 11, Section (b), of the Federal Law of Mexico on Weapons and Explosives;[10]. The notes are identified by Augustin Hodoyan, Alejandro's brother. "The rationale is that such matters are to be determined solely by the executive branch." 39); and, SUPPLEMENTAL ORDER DIRECTING THE UNITED STATES TO FILE ADDITIONAL EVIDENCE filed September 12, 1997 (Docket No. Valdez _ the godfather of one of the Arellanos children _ was arrested in September in Coronado, Calif. An extradition hearing began Thursday for Valdez and another man. Miranda's statement was given to an officer of this Court. Fernandez v. Phillips,268 U.S. 311, 45 S. Ct. 541, 69 L. Ed. There is nothing to confirm, corroborate or verify that the facts in the statement are in fact the testimony of Sergeant Ruiz, and based upon personal knowledge. 896 (S.D.Cal.1993). This element was not challenged by the Respondent. Since the evidence was undisputed it is not detailed extensively herein. Beyond that, he reports preparing a letter of resignation from the Department of National Defense under torture. Emami v. United States District Court for N. District of California, 834 F.2d 1444, 1453 (9th Cir.1987). There is no question, and no conflict in the evidence, that Gallardo and Sanchez were shot and killed by two individuals on April 9, 1996, at approximately 9:30 p.m., at the entrance of the restaurant at the Holiday Inn in Toluca, Mexico. The murder and conspiracy offenses, above described, survive the Respondent's challenge. In Escobedo v. United States, 623 F.2d 1098, 1107 (5th Cir. Galanis v. Pallanck, 568 F.2d 234 (2d Cir.1977); Sayne v. Shipley, 418 F.2d 679 (5th Cir.1969) cert. There is no indication of any coercion or duress, and in fact, Miranda is given "use immunity" with regard to the statement. Case Number: 97CR2149 JM (S.D. *1215 The sufficiency of the evidence (i.e., probable cause) will be discussed hereinafter. Collins v. Loisel,259 U.S. 309, 315-317, 42 S. Ct. 469, 66 L. Ed. emilio valdez mainerospiral pattern printing in c. phillies front office salaries The document is not authenticated. In addition to being signed by extraditee's father, other family members similarly signed attesting to the authenticity and veracity of the document. He later was charged with several murders, including Ibarras. 1983). As described herein, the Court does find that the Republic of Mexico has met the documentary and timeliness requirements of the Treaty. The purported recantation of Alejandro has been discarded with the indicia of reliability supporting the initial deposition. See Reply to Extraditees Response to Extradition Request and Request for Release, Page 8, lines 1-5, inclusive (Docket No. Estudiaban en colegios particulares, eran de familias acomodadas y los deslumbr el estilo de vida del "Mon", uno de los lderes del crtel de Tijuana. 956 (1922). EMILIO VALDEZ MAINERO was represented by retained counsel Michael Pancer. Respondent also asserts that not only have the governing administrations changed in Mexico and the United States since the 1978 signing of the Treaty, but the purpose and intent of the parties is materially different from what it was at the time the Treaty was signed. These individuals left his home the following day for Mexico City in a light grey Spirit automobile. I Background In the proceeding before this Court, the Republic of Mexico (hereafter Mexico), through the United States government, seeks the extradition of United States citizen, EMILIO VALDEZ MAINERO, alleged to have committed crimes in Mexico. Date published: Mar 20, 2013. 371. At approximately 9:30 p.m. Valdez and Martinez encountered Gallardo whom Valdez planned to assassinate. Si te preguntas quines son en la vida real los llamados narcojuniors de Narcos Mxico, serie de Netflix, se trata de al menos tres de los jvenes de familias acomodadas en Tijuana, Baja California, que se involucraron en temas de drogas y en especial con el Crtel de los Arellano Flix.Entre ellos, El Kitty Arturo Everardo Pez y los hermanos Hodoyan. Homicide is an extraditable offense under Article 2(1) and Appendix Part 1 of the treaty. ("Miranda") In his November 19, 1996 declaration, Miranda states that he knows the Arellano Felix brothers. The recantations are little more than self-serving declarations at the time of "arraignment" on the charges based upon the statements given to the federal prosecutor. There was no mention of the lost eye in the medical exam performed by the Republic of Mexico or during the court proceedings where the alleged recantation took place. Finally, he contests the date of arrest. Aparte de Kitty 'Pez', los que formaron el grupo de los "Narcojuniors" fueron Emilio Valdz Mainero, hijo de un guardia presidencial; Alfredo Hodoyan Palacios, hijo de un importante empresario . He states that the reason that Gallardo was murdered was because he had allowed "Chapo Guzman" into the territory of Tijuana to deal drugs and push out Benjamin Arellano Felix.
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